Density-Based, Chemical-Free, Low Operating Cost Solutions

Gravity concentration is a physical separation method based on differences in specific gravity (density) between minerals.

It provides high-efficiency and economical solutions particularly for gold, chromium, iron, titanium, tungsten, tin, and heavy mineral sands.

With the equipment you manufacture below, turnkey projects can be established ranging from laboratory-scale pilot plants to full-capacity industrial processing facilities.

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Equipment Portfolio

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• Shaking Table

• Jig Systems

• Centrifugal Concentrator

• SVP Gravity Concentration System

• Spiral Concentrator

• Spiral Wheel Gold Concentrator

• Gold Dredge

• Gold Cube Concentrator

• Sluice Box

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Application Areas​

• Fine gold recovery (0.02–2 mm)

• Chromite, tungsten, cassiterite

• Laboratory and pilot-scale testing

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Typical Plant Configuration​

• Crushing – Grinding

• Classification (hydrocyclone / screen)

• Concentrate production via shaking table

• Tailings control

 

Advantages

​​✔ High-purity concentrate production

✔ Visual separation capability
✔ Low energy consumption

Minerals Suitable for Gravity Concentration

The following minerals can be industrially concentrated using gravity methods due to their high specific gravity and significant density difference compared to gangue minerals (quartz ~2.65 g/cm³).

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1️⃣ Precious Metals (Free Particles)

• Gold (Au) – ~19.3 g/cm³

• Silver (Ag) – ~10.5 g/cm³

• Platinum (Pt) – ~21.4 g/cm³

• Placer gold concentrates

📌 Especially effective in liberated and coarse particle forms.

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2️⃣ Heavy Oxide Minerals

• Chromite (FeCr₂O₄) – 4.5–4.8

• Hematite (Fe₂O₃) – 5.0–5.3

• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) – 5.1–5.2

• Cassiterite (SnO₂) – 6.8–7.1

• Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) – 4.5–5.0

• Rutile (TiO₂) – 4.2–4.3

• Zircon (ZrSiO₄) – 4.6–4.7

📌 Spirals, jigs, and shaking tables are commonly used.

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3️⃣ Heavy Sulfide Minerals

• Galena (PbS) – 7.4–7.6

• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) – 4.1–4.3

• Sphalerite (ZnS) – 3.9–4.1

• Pyrite (FeS₂) – ~5.0

• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) – ~6.0

📌 Generally used for pre-concentration prior to flotation.

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4️⃣ Industrial Heavy Minerals (Placer Sands)

• Monazite – 4.6–5.4

• Garnet – 3.5–4.3

• Wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO₄) – 7.1–7.5

• Scheelite (CaWO₄) – ~6.0

📌 Gravity concentration is the primary method for tungsten ores.

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5️⃣ Other Gravity-Suitable Minerals

• Barite (BaSO₄) – ~4.5

• Corundum (Al₂O₃) – ~4.0

• Tantalite–Columbite – 5.2–8.0

• Diaspore (high-density aluminum mineral)

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Technical Note (Industrial Criteria)

Typical conditions for effective gravity separation:

✔ Density difference (Δρ) ≥ 1 g/cm³
✔ Proper mineral liberation achieved
✔ Particle size generally > 38 µm (for conventional systems)
✔ Low clay content